Judith Kovacs and Christopher Rowland aptly name this approach to reading the Apocalypse “decoding” interpretation. Its goal is to discern what the text really means behind the veil of its figures. They contrast it with “actualizing” interpretations that enact or perform Revelation “in relation to new circumstances, seeking to convey the spirit of the text rather than being preoccupied with the plethora of detail” (2004: 8). They suggest that any given reading of the book will fall somewhere between
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